Chris Woodhead
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Last year 45.8% of students achieved five A*-C grades including English and mathematics in the GCSE examination: 54.2% did not.
This annual statistic is one that the government was long reluctant to release. In that English and maths are of such crucial importance, it is the only statistic that matters. We will not know this year’s figure until the autumn, when, fortunately perhaps for the government, the spotlight will have moved off exam statistics.
The schools minister Jim Knight, who, with a commendably straight face, announced last week that “GCSEs are robust, rigorous and respected. The steady improvement over the last 10 years is unarguable evidence of rising achievement and the benefits of sustained investment in teaching and resources”, is presumably confident that there will be a significant improvement on last year’s deeply depressing results.
Unarguable, minister? The Confederation of British Industry, which laments that employers have to lay on remedial English classes for the teen-agers they recruit, and the British Chambers of Commerce, which refers to these results as a “national scandal”, beg to differ.
We all, even the minister, agree that maths and English matter. He proclaimed at his press conference: “English and mathematics are the foundation of a good education.” So why the euphoria when the statistics that have been released show 37.8% of candidates have failed to get at least a C grade in English, 44.8% maths.
Pass rates in these subjects have risen this year by 0.6% and 0.9% respectively. But so what? Given the scale of the failure, these are pathetic increases. Thousands of 16-year-olds are leaving school with no real competence in the subjects that matter most. The employers are right to express, once again, their concerns.
The truth is that the GCSE is neither robust, rigorous nor respected. It is a busted flush. Each year more and more students achieve A and A* grades. These grades might or might not reflect genuine improvements in teaching and learning. What is indisputable is that we are not identifying the best students, the 5-10% who are in fact the most able. But neither are we offering less able students anything meaningful. Yes, 98% of candidates are awarded some sort of grade, but everyone knows that any grade below a C is worthless in the real world.
In that no single exam can ever cater for the whole range of intellectual ability, it was always a nonsense. More and more independent schools are abandoning the GCSE for the international GCSE, an exam that is closer to the old O-level and makes therefore considerably greater demands on candidates. More and more 16-year-olds must be wondering why on earth they are wasting their time. They work, some of them, hard. They end up with a certificate that is not worth the paper it is printed upon.
Hence the increasing panic that appears to grip the Department for Children, Schools and Families. It is 10 years now since Tony Blair promised us a “world class education system”. Taxpayers have dug deep to fund the “investment” to which Knight so proudly refers. More and more of us, parents and employers, are expecting to see real improvements. Ministers can huff and puff, but these GCSE results demonstrate that they are not being delivered.
The latest wheeze in some education circles is to suggest that GCSEs should be divided, as A-levels were some years ago, into units or “modules”. Candidates would be assessed as they complete each module and they would be able to repeat modules they fail. More candidates would, therefore, pass, and, we would all agree that “the evidence for rising achievement is unarguable”.
Equally interesting proposals from the Qualifications and Curriculum authority, the exams watchdog, are on the table for the curriculum. Schools will be given greater freedom over how and what they teach. The so-called key stage 3 national strategy, which for years dictated in minute detail what should be taught and how in the first three years of secondary school is, presumably, to be abandoned. You could not have a more dramatic policy U-turn.
I am mystified by the disconnect. On the one hand, Knight tells us that things could not be rosier in the educational garden and that we should all be delighted at the wisdom of the approach to reform pursued these past 10 years; on the other he announces a departure from the very reforms that are supposed to have delivered so much.
Gordon Brown announced the death of spin. It does not seem, listening to Knight, that every minister has quite understood. Blair prided himself on what he liked to call “an evidence-based approach to education policy”. These GCSE results suggest we have a government that cannot face up to the evidence of its own failure.
Pass rates
- This year’s GCSE A*-C pass rate is 63.3%, slightly up on last year, but the overall pass rate (A-G) slipped to 98%
- State grammars edged ahead of independent schools for the first time with 51.5% of entries awarded A/A* compared with 50.8% in the independent sector and 15.3% in comprehensives
- The A*-C pass rate in maths is 55.2%, in English 62.2%
- Numbers taking languages slumped, with entries for French down 8.2% and German 10.2%. However, Spanish entries rose 3%
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The current problems with the GCSE system in the U.K. highlights the lack of strategies to deal with children of differing abilities. For example, the teaching of algebra to lower performing students in their third year of schooling and then making them sit an examination is appalling and shows a monumental disrespect for their needs and their required skills to survive in society. As long as the academic snobbery continues the "successful" percentages will continue to decline. But then who cares?
Wayne Rickard, Barmera, South Australia
In the UK at GCSE level, students are actively discouraged from taking responsibility for their own learning and are condemned to period after period of empty 'busywork'. Students must be thoroughly immersed in the first principles of any area of study until those principles are mastered. Once mastery is achieved, students must be challenged to solve a range of appropriate problems to allow them to gain a sense of real achievement. Teaching and learning can be exciting at any level, but that can't happen until students are given some real responsibility for their own learning.
Education filled with social agendas and driven by politicians too ignorant to understand that half of any group must be below average cannot succeed. The bell curve for pols in the UK is negatively skewed by lack of real-world experience and it shows! Constant fiddling by diktat is hopeless and soul destroying.
Kiwi Expat, London, \Middlesex
I think the physics paper was OCR 21st Century Science. Yes, it's a joke. However, other subjects are not always so badly worded and easy to do. We still have to write essays of classics such as Merchant of Venice and To Kill a Mockingbird. We still have non-calculator mathematics papers. History still needs well-written, grammatically correct, unbiased essays with dates from memory.
It's also an odd observation that when adults ask me what I'm doing, and I say coursework and explain what it's about most of them say it is far more in depth and complex than what they had to do when they were doing O-levels.
Of course I can't compare them properly, I have not done O-levels. Many of you seem to complain about ambiguous questions. We have to decipher those. It is very discouraging to work, get good grades, then have adults say that they are easy and worthless. If we get low grades then it shows we're stupid, if we get good grades it shows the papers are valueless.
Sylvia, Southampton,
The Times reproduced a specimen GCSE Physics paper a few months back and to say it was atrocious is an understatement. Very little of the paper had anything to do with Physics and some of the questions were poorly written and in many cases the answers were wrong, there was also very little mathematics involved in the paper. When i did O levels calculators weren't allowed, if that happened today grade results would collapse overnight.
Stephen, St. Ives, England
The main problem today is the exam system is not being used as it was meant as a means for sorting students for the next level of education, O levels for A level and Alevels for university. Today the exam system has been subverted by politicians to prove that they are improving the educational system, yet this is proved blatently false by the statistic that 20% leave school without being literate or numerate, a figure which hasn't changed since at least the early seventies. The exam system is being used to cover up the failure of the educational establishments failure to properly educate children.
Stephen, St. Ives, England
As a well known individual in the field of special education I feel having Chris Woodhead always portrayed as the 'fountain of all educational knowledge' slightly annoying.All in the education industry know there are problems with overall standards.
Chris with his small coterie of private schools under the Cognita banner is hardly doing much to improve the overall standards in the UK.
Rev Dr Matin Phillips, Paphos, Cyprus
I discovered recently that my oldest nephew (22)cannot read and write. To say I was appalled is putting it mildly - after 11 years of state education this is what he has. He's nota stupid boy and verygood with computers but there is a strong sense in UK of pupils being left to fall by the wayside if they might get in the way of league tables.Education seems to be going backwards not forwards.
Name Withheld, London, UK
I am a 15 Year old student studying at the moment and am finding the curriculum slightly challenging as last year they made a withdrawal of the intermediate paper in maths which now means the grouping and sectors in schools have substantially changed. Your right in saying it is important to get good grades but what you simply fail to understand our chances of getting at least a C which is the equivalent to an O level and a pass is simply beyond children. This should be Taken in to consideration!!
kanza, london, mictham
As always, Chris Woodhead, makes an interesting read, but one does sometimes wonder whether he is writing more for a particular audience than dispassionately analysing exam statistics.
A week or so ago, Chris was criticising the glut of grade As at A level. Now, it seems, he takes issue when an exam does actually differentiate more robustly!
We all hopefully aspire to an improvement in the number of students gaining a grade C or above in English and Maths, but we shouldn't lose sight of the fact that these exams are taken by virtually the whole cohort.
Surely it is inherently obvious in that case, that the distribution of grades in both English and Maths is going to be very, very different to that of the other elective GCSE subjects?
Come on Chris, you can't have it both ways!
Richard, Colchester,
Yet another chapter in this govenment's areer of lying and deceit. The DfCS and its associated quangos are an anti-social force, though the damage was started by left-leaning "educators" long before Blair's vicotires. These people do not understand, or do not care about, the long term consequences of their actions. The real problem Labour ministers have with education is that, for all their rhetoric, they are against it.
John Bald, Linton,
You say that less than a C grade is meaningless. Absolutely wrong. Half of the people in our country have to work very hard to get a C and many get Ds and Es and there is nothing wrong with that. They can use them to get onto college courses or enter vocational training. I am sick of reading journalists who went to university talking as if the only students that matter are the top 50%. There will always be less able people and they will always get the lowest grades, this is not a national problem it is just a natural outcome of differing IQs.
Leo Jones, Holyhead, Wales
All this has got out of hand and the point of exams has been lost. They were originally designed to sort out which pupils could benefit from more advanced education at the next step. i.e. modern school/grammar school or university/technical collage/ night school,
It was never meant to be a measure of teacher effectiveness or political party superiority.
All was well until the politicians hijacked it for their own ends. It was then stuffed, as is everything they touch.
It is totally impossible for all people to be equal and every effort to try to achieve this proves the truth of my assertion.
The only class of people to come close to being equal are the politicians themselves and their near equality lies in their stupidity and crass ignorance.
Doris Rogers, York,
GCSE Maths is a complete joke. No, I'm not some reactionary old dinosaur complaining about falling standards. When you go to A-level Maths and Degree level Maths you realise it even more as they themselves are less rigorous than in other countries. Speak to foreign students, especially french ones you realise what a truely weak state Maths is in this country. Even in America that has a much knocked education system a friend who is Arts through and through had to do some Calculus and thought it amazing that at 16 people struggled through quadratic equations and algebra for months and months. You speak to people who went to private schools where even the below average ability pupils are dragged through what is supposed to be a 2 year GCSE course in a year (or less sometimes) and they'll still get say an A or B. How anyone can honestly look at a GCSE Maths syllabus and honestly claim that it is 2 years hard and challenging work, I don't know.
Paul, Sheffield, UK
I run a tiny online high school based UK. We get students unable to get any work done for years to work again.
It's not magic or mysterious. Just
1) keeping it small and personal. Classes must be maximum 15 or a teacher cannot see students as real persons. Once students feel they are names on a list they act like it, unnoticed /inactive. Or aggressive/ disruptive (to get the attention every child needs).
2) as few rules as possible applied strictly - surrounded by as much respect as possible. Treat young people like herds of cattle and they become herd beasts. Treat them as intelligent, sensitive, sensible persons and they will react the same way - after getting over the shock! + persuasion we really mean it.
I personally teach English to all the students as Director of FirstCollege No fussy mational curriculum. Learning is classic stuff, essays, business letters etc. But they write ABOUT what they love - pop music, cars, football, fashion. No putdowns, endless reassurance, FUN.
Shan Morgain, Newport, Wales, Wales UK
Perhaps the reason grammar schools pulled ahead of independent schools in the GCSE results was because more independent schools are now dumping the GCSE in favour of the harder international GCSE. In the broader sense, the GCSE is rapidly becoming worthless unless candidates have a string of A*'s to their names. The very existence of the A* grade speaks volumes and is such an impressive act of diversion that even David Blaine would not be ashamed to have thought of it.
As far as policy is concerned, why would anyone expect a labour government to favour anything which might resemble a meritocracy? Surely they are favouring "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need" just with varying degrees of spin.
Andrew, Oxford, England
Well, an aging insomniac, I decided to have a go at GCSE maths (2006) myself. It's 44 years since I took maths GCE, and didn't get a particularly spectacular result - a C.
Had a few problems, in that I couldn't remember how to do some of the algebra or geometry, so had to work them out from first principles - most I managed, a couple of others I had to leave. The arithmetic was no problem, and seemed ridiculously easy. A couple of the questions were ambiguous and should never have been passed by the scrutineers (the egg question in particular).
Nonetheless, I managed a C, and I reckon if I had just 4 hours tuition to remind me how to do quadratic equations and get up to speed with some of the modern terminology, I could have got an A.
People keep saying GCSE is just one exam. It isn't. There are two different papers, depending upon a student's likely performance as judged by teachers. So this is even more of a confidence trick than our politicians will admit. Poor kids.
monica hall, farnborough,