Anne Ashworth
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Homeowner psychology is often perverse: the conviction that property prices can only ever appreciate seems to be accompanied by the ever-present fear of an imminent downturn. The latest focus of this anxiety is turbulence in the US property market, where low-income American home-buyers are suffering a rash of repossessions as house prices slide and mortgage repayments soar.
If a decline in consumer confidence results from this so-called “sub-prime catastrophe” and Americans stay away from their favourite hangout — the mall — then the effects will be felt in our economy, with consequences for our housing market. Or at least, that is what the doom-mongers are saying, so feeding the apprehension that a slump is just around the corner.
But before we assess this view, let’s pause to consider the plight of those now former homeowners in the US, crudely deemed “sub-prime” because they were less creditworthy. Many came from minorities and other groups who would conventionally find it difficult to borrow money. They were offered low-start loans by the banks, which sometimes did not even ask for proof of income.
For a time, the sub-prime borrowers were able to indulge in a risky financial balancing act. When property prices were soaring, they could raise quick cash from their homes; but as prices fell, this option disappeared. The loans — in particular those known as adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) — proved toxic. These allow borrowers to repay only a tiny amount of their debt each month; the rest is rolled up into the loan balance. But once this hits a certain level, repayments soar. Who could stand an increase from $1,600 (£824) to $4,600 (£2,368) a month on a $500,000 loan?
Their woes have become UK homeowners’ concerns thanks to recent stock market turbulence. This was due, in part, to worries over sub-prime specialist banks. Our very own Barclays and HSBC have been affected as a result of deals done by their US subsidiaries.
Sympathy for these borrowersis appropriate: they were led to believe that being an owner-occupier was a cinch. But it is also possible to overplay the significance of their predicament. For one thing, the US sub-prime mortgage sector accounts for $1 trillion of the whole $8 trillion market; delinquency rates in the “prime” sector remain low, for the moment.
In Britain, less creditworthy borrowers can also get mortgages. But our property market’s conditions are different; the boom continues in many places, with the £1 million home now almost a commonplace. Knight Frank, the estate agents, report a 31 per cent annual rise in Belgravia and Chelsea as oligarchs and hedge-fund managers outbid each other for examples of white-stuccoed perfection.
A shortage of homes for sale is keeping values aloft in these prime metropolitan postcodes, and also in towns such as St Albans and Winchester, within commutable distance of the capital. Indeed, a lack of property is a more general problem: we apparently need 200,000 new homes each year but are building far fewer. America has a glut of properties in some areas, which is one factor that is depressing values.
Some cooling in the UK market’s overall temperature is now evident after recent interest-rate increases, but most commentators do not see this widely forecast slowing as a prelude to anything more serious. Prices are predicted to grow at about 4-7 per cent this year, against 10 per cent in 2006.
The purpose of the interest rate rises has been to quash some of the market’s overexuberance, but also to curb inflation. As Fionnuala Earley, chief economist at Nationwide, explains, if a slackening in US consumer confidence started to affect our economy, this would lessen inflationary pressures. The Bank of England would then be inclined to cut rates, so easing any potential damage to house prices.
But just because the sub-prime tragedy should not strike terror into our hearts, that does not mean it holds no lessons. We should pause to consider how much debt we have, how we intend to repay it and never assume that property prices can only ever go remorselessly upwards.
Keenly priced buy-to-let loans are urging more and more people to acquire property for their pensions; these investors are expected to snap up any homes put up for sale by borrowers who were already overextended before rates were hoisted. Yet no-one should ever rely entirely on bricks and mortar for their retirement.
Interest-only mortgages (where no capital is paid back) are also increasingly popular, yet few people give any thought to how they will repay the capital outstanding in 25 years’ time. Maybe this is the prime time to do so.
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I believe one thing that is frequently overlooked is human emotion. I have not read any report on the property market that touches on this.
As a property professional (conveyancer) I saw the dire effects of the late eighties and early nineties when admittedly economic conditions were different. However, the false sense of wealth gave way rapidly to panic with people just handing in their keys to the mortgagees.
My own view is that with people so heavily in debt that any slight down turn will precipitate the same flight response no mater how much the economists argue against its irrationality.
Put it this way I have sold my property and invested abroad and diversifed into other areas of law jobwise !!
Nigel Ungeod - Davies, Rangeworthy, UK
Most comments look at the UK market as one entity. It is not. Inside Central London we have rising rents and rising prices because the most important local employer, the City, is booming. It is laughable to say that service industries result in "nobody actually making money". £9bn in bonuses for one year in one section of the City seems like quite a lot of money to me.
I think people should also treat average wage rises v price rises with caution. Many thousands of City workers will have seen 15%+ salary increases this year. Affordablility at current rates is simply not a problem, even for first time buyers taking £300k+ one bed flats, and no-one serious is suggesting a significant increase in rates in the medium term. 5x salary to a junior lawyer earning £70k leaves £21k to spend AFTER mortgage payments at 6%.
Talk of historical price bubbles is pie in the sky. I and the millions of other Londoners actually have to live somewhere. No-one needs to buy tulips.
Gareth, London,
Anne
I started my employment with the audit firm PWC and since 1975 I have come to one conclusion. The property and Tax beat the Einsteins law of gravity. They go up up up up. No come back. There may be a plateau but that is shortage of liquid cash.
I do not like this. This also irritates me.
This test is used to prevent automated robots from posting comments.
Firozali A.Mulla MBA PhD, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
Property prices expected to rise at 7% this year, wage increases kept down to 2.5% for the majority - its not rocket science to work out that there has to be a critical point for property prices when they become just too unaffordable, and my guess is that its now just around the corner!!
Andy V, plymouth, UK
There seem to be many thousands of cheap, decent homes in Britain, yet for various reasons nobody is keen to live in them. Would it be intercontinental ballistic missile science for a government think-tank to solve the issue of WHY these towns are shunned and sort it out, maybe we could see them turned into retirement towns or whatever in the US fashion?
Piggy Kruger, Bridgwater, UK
The current real estate mania is truly global and perhaps is approaching the levels of intensity and economic "valuation" that ended the famous South Sea and Mississippi Land Bubbles of the 1720's era. In such an event one ought to realize that no matter what, their special property with it's special location, etc. would be just as common as all others as the bids disappear and the sellers try to dispose of their property. The fact that so much of this global real estate mania is financed with such leverage and it's only real redemption as an investment is ultimately finding a greater fool to sell to must in the end result in an implosion that perhaps will be as bad or worse than each of those bubbles. One really needs to read "The Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds" by Charles McKay published in the 1830's to obtain a sense of the most likely coming unwind that will be the end of all of this. The implosion in the U.S.is spreading well beyond subprime.
Gary, Bassano, Alberta, Canada
Property shortage? There are 900,000 empty homes in the UK. People are happy to sit on these while prices are rising, but when prices turn (they can't continue rising forever) there won't be a shortage of property for sale.
On the subject of UK lending, this is just as reckless as anything in the US with mortages for 5x salary plus (or 9x if your parents act as guarantor) common place. While prices rise, stretched borrowers can remortgage themselves out of trouble but when prices turn the UK will have its own mortgage crisis.
Paul, London,
Somebody far cleverer than me described financiers as the people who make sure there's gold at the end of the rainbow- just as long as you and me don't go looking for it.
Britain is now a nation of service industries with nobody actually making money- even the "financial services industry" merely moves money arround in increasingly contrived ways- see US morgage market and tomorrows report for details.
A dip at this point or interest rates increasing to >8% would actually be a good thing- yes it would be a bump and a lot of people would loose their dream homes but that's far better than the almighty crash that would occur if the sun goes behind a cloud and all that gold at the end of the rainbow vanishes like it was never really there at all.
stan, middlesex,
disillusion inevitably follows complacency.Every man and his dog has to be on the omnibus before the bear does its work and crashes it.
j collier, aberystwyth, wales
I don't understand this high demand/lack of supply argument. If there was genuine lack of supply, why aren't all these people who require houses renting? Why are properties standing empty for long periods and rents falling?
I have just sold a property in south west london. There was no demand for renting it, just as there is currently no demand for the many other houses which are currently advertised for rent in the same area. Some friends of ours have just sold their property after getting no rental interest for months (and after reducing the rent). One can reduce the rent to a level where one is actually paying the tenant to live in the house i.e. making a loss on the rental income and relying entirely on capital appreciation to make a return. I cannot see the logic in that. I sold to someone who paid a price which valued the property far higher than the rental income would have done.
There is clearly no clamour for rentals, so where is this apparent lack of supply?
M Taylor, London,
The US market has mirrored the UK market before so why should it be different this time? As for BTL buyers snapping up devalued properties to prevent a slump, I find that to be very circular logic. Surely BTL owners are the very people who will be the quickest to dump properties in a slump? Most BTL owners (especially the most recent ones) are relying on capital gains to make their investment work and, as one of the experts points out, require such capital gains for access to further credit to buy further properties. If their "portfolio" of assets takes a hit in value, they'll surely be the first to experience difficulties.
An owner-occupier will usually do anything to retain the family home whereas a BTL owner has no incentive to hold on to a devalued asset. Most large BTL concerns are set up as a company that owns the assets so there's no loss to personal assets if the company goes bankrupt. Confidence in BTL investors is thus misplaced - they have the most obvious exit strategy
MB, Scotland,
Theres no evidence for a crash in London at the moment - there is a limited stock of property being chased by an expanding population, jobs are secure so people have plenty of cash, and interest rates are still historically low. Its a simple case of demand outstripping supply.
Those who predict a downturn are just wishful thinking as they cant afford to buy the house they want.
Stuart, London,
This article is based on poor people being sold debt they do not understand and cannot afford. What has that got to do with the UK housing market? I live in Islington, central London, and the unemployed/poor are not the lifeblood of my property market and I doubt they are that important anywhere in the UK.
The sub-prime market in the US does not affect the supply of credit, the job market in the City or reduce the attractiveness of living in central London. People should also remember that central London has only seen property price rises in the last 12 months, for 2-3 years before that prices were static and/or fell. A 30% rise is not much over 4 years.
London is currently awash with cash and until the City has a bad time the central London property market has nothing to worry about. From the number of cranes I can see from my office window we are some way off a drop in confidence let alone a crash.
Gareth, London,
How come those predicting rises are referred to as 'experts' while those predicting a downturn are always referred to as 'doom mongers'? The comically titled 'doom mongers' include the International Monetary Fund and an advisor to the treasury.
Dave R, London,
Of course, house prices only ever go up and banks in the UK aren't so irresponsible as to lend people money they could not afford to pay. Gordons MIracle Economy is truely at work with everyone who owns a home becoming richer and richer. Buy a home now, keep the dream alive and don't ever ever question the experts who sell you the house, loan you the money for the house or get paid large amount of money for property supplements, because these people only operate in your best interest, not for big profits, bonuses and to buy that new sports car.
Its worth looking at Times articles before the last house price crash. At least inflation is getting control and we are not getting poorer and poorer every month, all thanks to a magic basket that tells us that the price of Champagne and Sat Navs are coming down, making us so much better off.
There is a fan over there and I can see something brown heading towards it at an ever increasing pace.
Tony Brown, Sheffield,